{
  "paper_slug": "gadeke-2026-guilt-insula",
  "model": "supplied:runs/gadeke-2026-guilt-insula/edge-inference.answer.v10.json",
  "edges": [
    {
      "source": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "target": "responsibility-outcomes-generates-guilt-participant",
      "relation": "entails",
      "why": "the guilt hypothesis deductively implies the happiness prediction (results-119)"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "target": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "relation": "entails",
      "why": "if responsibility for outcomes generates guilt, a model with social_pRPE should fit happiness better"
    },
    {
      "source": "anterior-insula-neural-substrate-guilt",
      "target": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "relation": "entails",
      "why": "the insula-as-guilt-substrate hypothesis implies insula BOLD is higher Social>Partner with a Social:LowOutcome interaction (results-124)"
    },
    {
      "source": "functional-connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related",
      "target": "connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related-outcome-ph",
      "relation": "entails",
      "why": "the connectivity hypothesis implies a seed-to-voxel PPI reveals a prefrontal Condition-by-Choice interaction"
    },
    {
      "source": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility",
      "target": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility-2",
      "relation": "entails",
      "why": "the responsibility-tracking hypothesis implies outcome-sensitive regions respond more to partner pRPE from participant choices"
    },
    {
      "source": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "target": "responsibility-outcomes-generates-guilt-participant",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the partner-outcome x decision-maker interaction tests the happiness prediction"
    },
    {
      "source": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "target": "responsibility-outcomes-generates-guilt-participant",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "the interaction was significant in both studies: happiness lower after low partner outcomes from own choice"
    },
    {
      "source": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "target": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the insula ROI Social>Partner low-outcome response tests the insula BOLD prediction (results-127)"
    },
    {
      "source": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "target": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "insula ROIs responded more to low partner outcomes in Social, mirroring the guilt effect"
    },
    {
      "source": "mass-univariate-voxel-wise-analysis-found-small",
      "target": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the mass-univariate voxel-wise search tests the insula BOLD prediction (results-129)"
    },
    {
      "source": "mass-univariate-voxel-wise-analysis-found-small",
      "target": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "a small left anterior insula cluster survived small-volume FWE correction (p = 0.024)"
    },
    {
      "source": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "target": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the likelihood-ratio comparison tests whether the Responsibility model (with social_pRPE) fits best"
    },
    {
      "source": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "target": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "the Responsibility model fitted better than all other models in both studies"
    },
    {
      "source": "partner-reward-prediction-errors-resulting",
      "target": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the social_pRPE weight tests the prediction that partner pRPE from own choices contributes"
    },
    {
      "source": "partner-reward-prediction-errors-resulting",
      "target": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "social_pRPE weights were reliably greater than zero in both studies"
    },
    {
      "source": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "target": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility-2",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the left-STS search tests the partner-pRPE-from-own-choice prediction (fig4h)"
    },
    {
      "source": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "target": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility-2",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "one left-STS cluster responded more to partner pRPE from participant than partner choices (pFWE = 0.022)"
    },
    {
      "source": "functional-connectivity-between-left-anterior",
      "target": "connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related-outcome-ph",
      "relation": "tests",
      "why": "the insula-seed PPI tests the prefrontal Condition-by-Choice interaction prediction (results-142)"
    },
    {
      "source": "functional-connectivity-between-left-anterior",
      "target": "connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related-outcome-ph",
      "relation": "confirms",
      "why": "a right-IFG cluster's insula connectivity varied with condition and choice and survived FWE correction"
    },
    {
      "source": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the behavioural guilt effect is evidence for the guilt hypothesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the Responsibility model's superior fit supports the responsibility/guilt account"
    },
    {
      "source": "partner-reward-prediction-errors-resulting",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "a positive social_pRPE weight supports that partner outcomes from own choices affect happiness"
    },
    {
      "source": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "target": "anterior-insula-neural-substrate-guilt",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the insula guilt-tracking response supports the insula-as-substrate hypothesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "target": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the left-STS responsibility signal supports the responsibility-tracking hypothesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "functional-connectivity-between-left-anterior",
      "target": "functional-connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "condition/choice-dependent insula connectivity supports the connectivity hypothesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "prior-literature-documents-association-between",
      "target": "anterior-insula-neural-substrate-guilt",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the prior insula-guilt association is why the insula was hypothesised as the substrate"
    },
    {
      "source": "prior-functional-connectivity-work-shown",
      "target": "functional-connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "prior functional-connectivity work motivates the connectivity hypothesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "rutledge-colleagues-established-changes-momentary",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "Rutledge's momentary-happiness framework grounds the fitted happiness models"
    },
    {
      "source": "participant-momentary-happiness-varied-rewards",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "happiness varying with participant rewards grounds fitting reward-based happiness models"
    },
    {
      "source": "participant-momentary-happiness-varied-rewards-2",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "happiness varying with partner rewards grounds the partner-RPE terms of the models"
    },
    {
      "source": "participants-own-reward-prediction-errors",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the ordering of RPE weights corroborates the Responsibility model structure"
    },
    {
      "source": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "target": "both-studies-participants-felt-worse",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the guilt interaction is the evidence for the synthesis that participants felt worse from their own choices"
    },
    {
      "source": "risk-premiums-not-differ-between",
      "target": "participants-showed-very-similar-risk",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "equal risk premiums across conditions support the similar-risk-preferences synthesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "participants-slightly-more-risk-averse",
      "target": "participants-showed-very-similar-risk",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "only a slight Study-1 risk-aversion difference supports the 'similar with a tendency' synthesis"
    },
    {
      "source": "no-significant-interaction-between-difference",
      "target": "participants-showed-very-similar-risk",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "no EV-difference-by-condition interaction supports similar preferences across conditions"
    },
    {
      "source": "left-superior-temporal-sulcus-cluster",
      "target": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the STS response across both sessions corroborates the left-STS responsibility result"
    },
    {
      "source": "dot-products-between-individual-neural",
      "target": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "positive dot products with the published Yu GRBS give convergent validity to the insula guilt response (results-152)"
    },
    {
      "source": "manipulation-check-bilateral-ventral-striatum",
      "target": "model-based-glm-entered-best-fitting-computational",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "the ventral-striatum manipulation check confirms the model-based GLM recovers reward signals"
    },
    {
      "source": "guilt-effect-occurred-whether-participant",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "the guilt effect held whether the participant's own outcome was high or low, ruling out own-outcome confounds"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-choices-not-influence-happiness",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "no responsibility effect after high partner outcomes shows the effect is specific to low outcomes (guilt)"
    },
    {
      "source": "risk-aversion-parameter-not-differ-between",
      "target": "momentary-happiness-modelled-five-computational",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "equal risk-aversion across gain/loss trials justifies pooling in the models"
    },
    {
      "source": "pre-task-icebreaker-succeeded-establishing-positive",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "the icebreaker established a positive partner attitude, warranting that the effect reflects guilt toward a valued partner"
    },
    {
      "source": "lower-happiness-when-participant-decision-maker",
      "target": "participant-happiness-lower-when-participant",
      "relation": "interprets",
      "why": "responsibility aversion is offered as a reading of the agency effect (results-073)"
    },
    {
      "source": "behavioural-guilt-effect-larger-happiness",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "interprets",
      "why": "'simple guilt' is the interpretive reading of the behavioural guilt interaction (results-080)"
    },
    {
      "source": "authors-suggest-left-sts-region",
      "target": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "relation": "interprets",
      "why": "the STS-tracks-partner-outcomes reading interprets the left-STS result (results-138)"
    },
    {
      "source": "connectivity-between-left-anterior-insula",
      "target": "functional-connectivity-between-left-anterior",
      "relation": "interprets",
      "why": "the prefrontal-sensitivity reading interprets the insula-IFG connectivity result (abstract-009)"
    },
    {
      "source": "during-outcome-phase-responses-low",
      "target": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "relation": "part-of",
      "why": "the outcome-phase table is one measure of the insula guilt response the whole result states"
    },
    {
      "source": "difference-response-between-low-high",
      "target": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "relation": "part-of",
      "why": "the low-minus-high difference is one measure of the same insula guilt response"
    },
    {
      "source": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "target": "linear-mixed-model-containing-all",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the reported guilt interaction depends on Model 5's LMM being the warranted model"
    },
    {
      "source": "one-cluster-left-sts-responded",
      "target": "model-based-glm-entered-best-fitting-computational",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the STS responsibility result depends on the model-based GLM2 regressors"
    },
    {
      "source": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "target": "model-selection-among-happiness-models",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the model-comparison result depends on the likelihood-ratio selection procedure"
    },
    {
      "source": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "target": "during-receipt-lottery-versus-safe",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the insula guilt ROI depends on the outcome-responsive localizer regions"
    },
    {
      "source": "hold-partner-behaviour-constant-across",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "enables-method",
      "why": "simulating the partner's choices holds behaviour constant, making the guilt comparison possible"
    },
    {
      "source": "model-selection-among-happiness-models",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "enables-method",
      "why": "the likelihood-ratio selection method makes the model-comparison result interpretable"
    },
    {
      "source": "parameter-recovery-procedure-synthetic-data-generated",
      "target": "responsibility-redux-model-incorporating-expected",
      "relation": "enables-method",
      "why": "parameter recovery establishes the model estimates are stable enough to trust the fit"
    },
    {
      "source": "findings-rest-two-samples-healthy",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "scopes",
      "why": "the guilt effect is bounded to two samples of healthy adults"
    },
    {
      "source": "each-trial-participants-chose-between",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "scopes",
      "why": "the effect is bounded to the three-condition safe/risky choice paradigm"
    },
    {
      "source": "study-reproduced-study-design-inside",
      "target": "insula-rois-responded-more-low",
      "relation": "scopes",
      "why": "the neural results are bounded to the fMRI reproduction of the design in Study 2"
    },
    {
      "source": "participant-happiness-lower-when-participant",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "dissociates-with",
      "why": "two effects both present and distinct: agency lowers happiness regardless of outcome, guilt only after the partner's loss"
    },
    {
      "source": "dot-products-between-individual-neural",
      "target": "individual-grbs-dot-product-values-not",
      "relation": "in-tension-with",
      "why": "the neural guilt response matches the published Yu/Koban signature at the group level (60), yet individual signature scores do not track individual behavioural guilt (61); both stand and the null bounds what the group replication can mean"
    },
    {
      "source": "only-precuneus-tpj-showed-positive",
      "target": "decisions-social-compared-solo-condition",
      "relation": "part-of",
      "why": "the precuneus/TPJ Risky-Safe analysis (fig4c) is one component of the Social>Solo cluster result (fig4b)"
    },
    {
      "source": "decisions-social-compared-solo-condition",
      "target": "each-trial-participants-chose-between",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the Social>Solo contrast requires the three-condition (Solo/Social/Partner) choice paradigm to have been run"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-model-yielded-higher-values",
      "target": "likelihood-ratio-test-showed-responsibility",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the Responsibility model's higher R2 (table1) corroborates the likelihood-ratio verdict that it fits best"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-model-yielded-higher-values",
      "target": "momentary-happiness-modelled-five-computational",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the R2 model comparison (table1) requires the five happiness models to have been fitted"
    },
    {
      "source": "among-computational-models-fitted-momentary",
      "target": "momentary-happiness-modelled-five-computational",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the Responsibility Redux AIC ranking (table1) requires the five happiness models to have been fitted"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-redux-model-incorporating-expected",
      "target": "momentary-happiness-modelled-five-computational",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the Responsibility Redux model's predictions (fig3c,fig3g) require that model to have been fitted"
    },
    {
      "source": "parameter-recovery-procedure-synthetic-data-generated",
      "target": "responsibility-redux-model-incorporating-expected",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "the parameter-recovery procedure (fig3s1) verifies the Responsibility Redux estimates are stable, strengthening the fit"
    },
    {
      "source": "participants-chose-risky-option-lottery",
      "target": "participants-showed-very-similar-risk",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the Solo>Social lottery-choice difference (fig2a,fig2d) is one of the risk-preference results the synthesis draws together"
    },
    {
      "source": "participants-chose-risky-option-lottery",
      "target": "each-trial-participants-chose-between",
      "relation": "requires",
      "why": "the Solo/Social choice-proportion result requires the three-condition choice paradigm to have been run"
    },
    {
      "source": "mixed-effects-regressions-choices-social-condition",
      "target": "participants-chose-risky-option-lottery",
      "relation": "part-of",
      "why": "the mixed-effects choice regression (app1table1) is the formal analysis behind the reported Solo/Social choice difference"
    },
    {
      "source": "linear-mixed-model-containing-all",
      "target": "when-partner-received-low-lottery",
      "relation": "validates",
      "why": "Model 5 with all two-way interactions fits best (app1table2), validating that the reported guilt interaction is drawn from the warranted model"
    },
    {
      "source": "both-studies-participants-felt-worse",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "supports",
      "why": "the across-both-studies guilt effect is evidence for the responsibility-guilt hypothesis; the edge task wrote edges into the synthesis and none out (#53)"
    },
    {
      "source": "left-ifg-cluster-showed-opposite",
      "target": "connectivity-between-left-anterior-insula",
      "relation": "qualifies",
      "why": "the uncorrected left-IFG cluster showed the opposite connectivity pattern, so it bounds the connectivity finding rather than confirming it (#53)"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-outcomes-generates-guilt-participant",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "derived-from",
      "why": "reciprocal of entails (responsibility-social-choice-yields-low → responsibility-outcomes-generates-guilt-participant)"
    },
    {
      "source": "responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant",
      "target": "responsibility-social-choice-yields-low",
      "relation": "derived-from",
      "why": "reciprocal of entails (responsibility-social-choice-yields-low → responsibility-partner-outcomes-influences-participant)"
    },
    {
      "source": "anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula",
      "target": "anterior-insula-neural-substrate-guilt",
      "relation": "derived-from",
      "why": "reciprocal of entails (anterior-insula-neural-substrate-guilt → anterior-insula-tracks-guilt-insula)"
    },
    {
      "source": "connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related-outcome-ph",
      "target": "functional-connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related",
      "relation": "derived-from",
      "why": "reciprocal of entails (functional-connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related → connectivity-between-guilt-responsibility-related-outcome-ph)"
    },
    {
      "source": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility-2",
      "target": "neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility",
      "relation": "derived-from",
      "why": "reciprocal of entails (neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility → neural-substrate-tracks-participant-responsibility-2)"
    }
  ]
}