{
 "paper": "bouyeure-2026-fear-rsa",
 "model": "supplied:runs/bouyeure-2026-fear-rsa/plain-claim.answer.json",
 "prompt": "extract/prompts/plain-claim.md",
 "claims": [
  {
   "slug": "behavioral-learning-confirms-contingencies",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig2A",
   "plain": "Shock expectancy ranked the cues by their current danger in every phase, and followed the cues through the reversal."
  },
  {
   "slug": "context-specificity-increases-reversal",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig5B",
   "plain": "Patterns for the two contexts grew more distinct during reversal than during acquisition, most clearly in prefrontal cortex."
  },
  {
   "slug": "context-specificity-predicts-acquisition-reinstatement-regional-dissociation",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig5Di",
   "plain": "Sharper prefrontal context coding revives the once-dangerous cue's acquisition pattern in ACC, the once-safe cue's in precuneus."
  },
  {
   "slug": "context-specificity-predicts-reinstatement-new-context-mtg",
   "role": "control",
   "panel": "fig5Diii",
   "plain": "Even in wholly new contexts, sharper prefrontal context coding predicts reviving the newly dangerous cue in middle temporal gyrus."
  },
  {
   "slug": "context-specificity-predicts-reversal-reinstatement-dmpfc",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig5Dii",
   "plain": "In the old context, sharper prefrontal context coding predicts dmPFC reviving the newly dangerous cue's reversal pattern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cs-plus-univariate-fear-network-acquisition",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig2Bi",
   "plain": "During acquisition, threatening cues drive more activity than safe cues in dACC, superior frontal gyrus and caudate nucleus."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cue-generalization-increases-acquisition",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig3A",
   "plain": "During fear acquisition, different threatening cues come to share one pattern in the fear network instead of staying distinct."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cue-generalization-limited-dacc-reversal-consistent",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig3Bi",
   "plain": "After reversal, the shared pattern for consistently threatening cues survives only in dACC, not across the wider fear network."
  },
  {
   "slug": "current-threat-activates-fear-network-reversal",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig2Bii",
   "plain": "After reversal, currently dangerous cues drive more fear-network activity than currently safe ones, whatever they meant before."
  },
  {
   "slug": "dmpfc-reinstates-acquisition-traces-generalized",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig4Bii",
   "plain": "Back in the original context, dmPFC revives category-level patterns from acquisition rather than from the new-context test."
  },
  {
   "slug": "dual-strategy-reversal-generalize-plus-specify",
   "role": "synthesis",
   "panel": "fig4 (synthesis)",
   "plain": "Reversal learning lumps the currently dangerous cues together while keeping the cue whose threat value changed separate."
  },
  {
   "slug": "generalized-pattern-cs-minus-plus-reversal",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig3Bii",
   "plain": "After reversal, the newly dangerous cue takes on the same shared fear-network pattern the originally feared cue had."
  },
  {
   "slug": "hypothesis-context-specificity-supports-renewal",
   "role": "hypothesis",
   "panel": "hypothesis",
   "plain": "Prefrontal cortex codes contexts as distinct patterns, and that distinctness lets an old fear memory return in its own context."
  },
  {
   "slug": "hypothesis-dual-strategy-reversal",
   "role": "hypothesis",
   "panel": "hypothesis",
   "plain": "The fear network lumps currently dangerous cues together while higher-order cortex keeps the cues whose meaning changed apart."
  },
  {
   "slug": "hypothesis-fear-network-generalizes-threat-cues",
   "role": "hypothesis",
   "panel": "hypothesis",
   "plain": "The fear network codes dangerous cues as a class, so any cue that becomes dangerous inherits the class representation."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ifg-reinstates-reversal-traces-item-specific",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig4Bi",
   "plain": "Inferior frontal gyrus revives cue-specific patterns from the most recent learning, the reversal phase, rather than earlier ones."
  },
  {
   "slug": "item-stability-persists-test-phases",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig3C, fig3D",
   "plain": "Individual cues keep their own stable patterns in temporal cortex through the shock-free tests, while class patterns do not."
  },
  {
   "slug": "item-stability-precuneus-pfc-reversal",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig4",
   "plain": "During reversal, precuneus and prefrontal cortex hold a distinct, stable pattern for the cue whose threat value changed."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lss-unreinforced-trials-only",
   "role": "methodological",
   "panel": "methods (RSA section)",
   "plain": "All pattern-similarity analyses use only trials without a shock, dropping the trials likely to carry the strongest fear responses."
  },
  {
   "slug": "no-bold-differences-test-phases",
   "role": "control",
   "panel": "fig2B (test phases)",
   "plain": "In the two test phases no cue drove more overall activity than another, though participants still expected shocks differently."
  },
  {
   "slug": "no-item-stability-difference-acquisition",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig3A",
   "plain": "During acquisition, a cue's own pattern was no more stable for threatening than for safe cues anywhere in the brain."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pfc-context-specificity-predicts-renewal",
   "role": "empirical",
   "panel": "fig5",
   "plain": "Participants whose prefrontal cortex coded contexts more distinctly during reversal showed more fear renewal at test."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prediction-context-specificity-increases-during-reversal",
   "role": "prediction",
   "panel": "prediction",
   "plain": "Prefrontal context patterns should grow more distinct during reversal than acquisition, when context begins to predict danger."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prediction-cs-minus-plus-generalizes-reversal",
   "role": "prediction",
   "panel": "prediction",
   "plain": "During reversal the newly dangerous cue should take on the same shared fear-network pattern the originally feared cue acquired."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prediction-cue-generalization-fear-network-acquisition",
   "role": "prediction",
   "panel": "prediction",
   "plain": "Threatening cues should share patterns more than safe cues do, in dACC, superior frontal gyrus, caudate and insula."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prediction-item-stability-changing-cues-reversal",
   "role": "prediction",
   "panel": "prediction",
   "plain": "Cues whose threat value changed should hold more stable individual patterns in precuneus, IFG and prefrontal cortex."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prediction-pfc-context-specificity-tracks-renewal",
   "role": "prediction",
   "panel": "prediction",
   "plain": "Participants whose prefrontal cortex codes contexts more distinctly should revive acquisition fear memories more strongly at test."
  },
  {
   "slug": "prior-threat-activates-fear-network-weakly",
   "role": "interpretation",
   "panel": "fig2Biii",
   "plain": "Cues that were dangerous before but are safe now still stir the fear network weakly, a trace of the original fear memory."
  },
  {
   "slug": "rsa-roi-derived-from-searchlight",
   "role": "methodological",
   "panel": "fig4A (ROI definition procedure)",
   "plain": "The regions tested in the follow-up analyses were picked from significant clusters in the same data, which inflates significance."
  },
  {
   "slug": "trace-conditioning-hippocampus-engaged",
   "role": "scope",
   "panel": "fig1 (methods)",
   "plain": "The study uses trace conditioning, a gap between cue and shock, assuming from prior work that this engages the hippocampus."
  }
 ]
}