Relation semantics

question · corpus proposed

An earlier declaration was accepted by Zach Mainen; it has moved since — this is db025402617c, unaccepted. · no paper read under it

What does each relation assert, and which are oppositions?

A decision about meaning, and then the propagation of it through everything downstream.

zmainen/elife-claim-trees#19 — the decision is taken there; the propagation is taken here.

How it works

scripts/relations.py holds the vocabulary once — which relations exist, what each asserts, which pairs are oppositions — after four scripts each kept their own copy of the list and the four disagreed. check_relations.py runs that vocabulary over the corpus and is the gate make check enforces.

The semantics were the open part, and they were settled on 2026-09-13. The zmainen/elife-claim-trees#125 ruling split the old dissociates-with in two, because it was carrying both readings at once: the neutral contrast keeps the name and moved to GAPS, where it opposes nothing and exports under no MIRA predicate, and the oppositional reading became in-tension-with — two claims the paper asserts whose implications pull against each other. in-tension-with exports under mira:opposes but is kept out of CONTRARY, so the support-plus-oppose lint leaves it alone; that is what made the twelve pairs that carried both a support and an opposition coherent rather than errors. zmainen/elife-claim-trees#28 supplied the other missing half, refutes, so a failed prediction can be written down.

Both rulings are written into scripts/relations.py and gated by check_relations.py. What remains open is not the vocabulary but what a consumer can do with it: zmainen/claim-graphs#7 asks MIRA for a non-polar relation mechanism, because 59% of this corpus's relations still reach it with no interpretable predicate.

How to run it, in the reference

Rests on

Feeds — a change here disturbs these

How it is defined

What this layer reads besides its dependencies. Each is a declared input: its content is hashed into every run, so editing one makes those runs stale.

scripts/relations.pythe script that runs itnot in the repository

The declaration names this path and the repository does not have it. An input that does not exist hashes to nothing, so it cannot make a run stale — the layer is declared to depend on something it is not in fact tracking.

scripts/check_relations.pythe script that runs itnot in the repository

The declaration names this path and the repository does not have it. An input that does not exist hashes to nothing, so it cannot make a run stale — the layer is declared to depend on something it is not in fact tracking.

Read all 67 lines of it →

@prefix claimrel: http://elife-claim-trees.org/relations/ . @prefix cito: http://purl.org/spar/cito/ . @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# . @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# . @prefix dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ .

── Ontology metadata ──────────────────────────────────────────────────

http://elife-claim-trees.org/relations/ a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "Claim Relations Vocabulary" ; rdfs:comment "Extension properties for typed edges in scientific claim graphs. Each property is a subproperty of a CiTO citation-typing property, preserving entailment compatibility." ; dcterms:creator "eLife Claim Trees project" ; owl:imports http://purl.org/spar/cito .

── Extensions with CiTO parents ───────────────────────────────────────

claimrel:rulesOut a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:refutes ; rdfs:label "rules out" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim eliminates the cited claim as a viable hypothesis. Narrower than refutation: specifically eliminative, often a control result." .

claimrel:replicates a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:confirms ; rdfs:label "replicates" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim reports an empirical replication of the cited claim's findings. A specific mechanism of confirmation: repeating an experiment and obtaining consistent results." .

claimrel:contradicts a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:disagreesWith ; rdfs:label "contradicts" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim presents findings or reasoning incompatible with the cited claim. Stronger than disagreement: the two claims cannot both be true." .

── Extensions without close CiTO parents ──────────────────────────────

claimrel:requires a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites ; rdfs:label "requires" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim logically depends on the cited claim as a prerequisite. If the cited claim is false or inapplicable, the citing claim loses its foundation." .

claimrel:tests a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites ; rdfs:label "tests" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim submits the cited claim to empirical or logical test. Outcome-neutral: the test may confirm, refute, or partially support the tested claim." .

claimrel:entails a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites ; rdfs:label "entails" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim logically entails the cited claim. Deductive, not evidential: if the citing claim is true, the cited claim must be true." .

claimrel:interprets a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites ; rdfs:label "interprets" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim offers an explanatory reading or theoretical frame for the cited claim. Distinct from support (which is evidential) and from extension (which adds content)." .

claimrel:scopes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites ; rdfs:label "scopes" ; rdfs:comment "The citing claim delimits the domain of applicability of the cited claim. Distinct from qualification (which adds caveats): scoping sets boundary conditions." .

dissociates-with carries 62 edges — more than every other opposing relation in the corpus combined — and every MIRA export tells eLife it means opposition. Read the pairs below and most of them are not oppositions: they are two findings catalogued side by side.

That reading is an agent’s and has not been ruled on, which is why 62 edges are listed here for a decision rather than relabelled. Near-identical pairs are grouped so they can be settled together; the few carrying argumentative weight are worth reading one at a time.

42
of 42 awaiting a decision
65%
of 62 declared edges are one half of a mutual pair, against 1% of supporting relations
9
also carry a supporting relation to the same claim
42%
best structural heuristic — why this is not automated

Is this an opposition, a distinction, or no relation at all?

`dissociates-with` is declared under `mira:opposes` in every MIRA export. If it is not an opposition, that misstates these relations to every consumer of the export, including eLife.

Why a person and not a script. A heuristic using every structural signal available — direction, co-occurring relations, shared neighbours, claim roles, whether either claim reports a null — reproduces an agent’s reading of these items 42% of the time, against 25% for guessing among four types. The distinction is not in the shape of the graph. It is in what the claims say.

What the direction already tells you. An opposition is directed: A refutes B, and the reverse is a different statement. A dissociation is symmetric — “A and B come apart” reads the same from either end. Supporting relations here are reciprocal 1% of the time; this one is reciprocal 65% of the time, and every interpretive-tension item is directed.

What each answer would do

Reading Items Means Action
tension 1 Both findings are asserted, and together they constrain a shared explanation — if one account of them were right, the other result should have come out differently. retype as qualifies
selective 10 The same measure applied in two places, present in one and absent in the other. This is the technical sense of a dissociation, and how specificity is established. keep as dissociates-with, declared with no parent
property 12 One object, two attributes that did not move together: a gain on one dimension without the corresponding change on another. keep as dissociates-with, declared with no parent
parallel 18 Two findings about different objects, neither bearing on the other. The relation asserts a connection the claims do not have. remove the relation

Interpretive tension

1 items · 0 reciprocal · 1 pending proposed: retype as qualifies

Both findings are asserted, and together they constrain a shared explanation — if one account of them were right, the other result should have come out differently.

Scheller → pending
decisional-dimension-tradeoff

Across individuals, processing rate changes in the social decision dimension and the perceptual decision dimension are negatively correlated (r = -0.243, BF10 = 6.58), driven by differential allocation of relative attentional weights (r = -

empirical

spe-matching-correlates-social-decision

Individual self-prioritization effects in the shape-label matching task correlate with socially induced processing rate changes in the social decision dimension in Experiment 1 (r = 0.354, BF10 = 8.23, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.54) but not in the p

empirical

Selective effect

10 items · 4 reciprocal · 10 pending proposed: keep as dissociates-with, declared with no parent

The same measure applied in two places, present in one and absent in the other. This is the technical sense of a dissociation, and how specificity is established.

Bouyeure ↔ pending
dmpfc-reinstates-acquisition-traces-generalized

In dmPFC during test_old, generalized reinstatement is higher for acquisition memory traces than for test_new memory traces (F(2,259)=4.01, p<0.05; t(259)=2.96, p<0.05), showing that dmPFC preferentially reinstates category-level (generaliz

empirical

ifg-reinstates-reversal-traces-item-specific

In IFG during test_old, item reinstatement is higher for reversal memory traces than for acquisition or test_new memory traces (F(2,253)=5.50, p<0.01), showing that IFG preferentially reinstates the most recently learned item-specific repre

empirical

Bouyeure → pending
item-stability-precuneus-pfc-reversal

During reversal learning, item-specific (stable across phases) representations emerge in precuneus and prefrontal cortex for cues that change their threat value (CS+-), distinguishing the changing cue from the stable threats.

empirical

generalized-pattern-cs-minus-plus-reversal

During reversal, the newly dangerous cue (CS-+) acquires generalized neural representations similar to the originally feared CS++, mirroring the initial acquisition pattern in fear network regions.

empirical

Bouyeure → also +extends a null result pending
no-item-stability-difference-acquisition

During fear acquisition, item stability (within-cue neural pattern similarity) does not differ between CS+ and CS- cues anywhere in the brain, showing that threat learning selectively increases cross-item generalization but not single-item

empirical

cue-generalization-increases-acquisition

Neural representations of threatening cues (CS++) generalize across items during fear acquisition: RSA shows that patterns for different CS++ items become more similar to each other in the fear network, indicating a shared threat-cue repres

empirical

Headley ↔ pending
distal-inhib-drops-firing-02hz

Doubling the strength of distal dendritic inhibition reduces somatic firing rate from a baseline of approximately 5.5 Hz to approximately 0.2 Hz, primarily by suppressing the occurrence of dendritic Ca²⁺ and NMDA spikes rather than by direc

empirical

perisomatic-inhib-drops-firing-07hz

Doubling perisomatic inhibition reduces somatic firing from approximately 5.5 Hz to approximately 0.7 Hz by elevating action potential voltage threshold, while dendritic spike rates are relatively preserved.

empirical

Kämmer ↔ also +extends pending
lo-shows-reversed-specificity

In lateral occipital cortex (LO), the information-content pattern reverses relative to foveal V1: cross-shape decoding drops significantly (experimental: t(27)=3.41, p=0.002, difference=5.31%; control: t(27)=7.25, p<0.001, difference=6.7%)

empirical

v1-category-decoding-drops-in-feedback

In foveal V1, decoding across semantic category drops significantly relative to baseline in the experimental condition (t(27)=2.25, p=0.033, difference=3.03%), while decoding across visual shape remains high, indicating that foveal feedback

empirical

Scheller → pending
self-prioritization-absent-social-decision

In the social decision dimension (report whose shape flickered first), there is no processing advantage for self-associated stimuli: the relative advantage is 0.87 Hz [HDI95: −0.96 to 2.7 Hz], with 63.9% of the HDI favoring the other-associ

empirical

self-prioritization-perceptual-decision-automatic

In the perceptual decision dimension (report which shape flickered first), self-associated stimuli were processed 1.5 Hz faster than other-associated stimuli [HDI95: −0.16 to 3.2 Hz], driven by a capacity increase of 2.6 Hz and a self-assoc

empirical

Scheller ↔ pending
self-salience-reduces-perceptual-benefit

Perceptual salience benefit is substantially reduced for self-associated stimuli (2.5 Hz [HDI95: 0.86 to 4.1 Hz]) compared to other-associated (5.2 Hz [HDI95: 3.6 to 6.9 Hz]) or non-socially-associated perceptually salient stimuli (6 Hz [HD

empirical

self-social-additive-perceptual

The combination of social association and perceptual salience for other-associated stimuli produces effects consistent with additivity: the interaction term for other-associated salient stimuli is -0.54 Hz [HDI95: -2.4 to 1.4 Hz], indisting

empirical

Wengert → also +extends pending
layer-v-pv-ins-subtle-impairment

Layer V neocortical PV-INs from juvenile (P16–21) Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice show more subtle abnormalities than layer II-IV PV-INs: AP frequency reduction is confined to the largest current injection magnitudes (***p<0.001 for genotype × current i

empirical

pv-ins-impaired-maximal-firing

PV-INs from Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice exhibit impaired maximal firing frequency in patch-clamp recordings compared to wild-type, consistent with Kv3.1 loss-of-function reducing the fast repolarization that enables high-frequency firing.

empirical

Wengert → a null result pending
pv-in-inhibitory-synapse-intact-juvenile

PV-IN-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission is not significantly altered in juvenile (P16–21) Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice: failure rates, uIPSC magnitudes at 20/40/80 Hz, paired-pulse ratios, and synaptic latency are all not significantly differ

empirical

pv-in-inhibitory-synapse-altered-adult

In adult (P32–42) Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice, PV-IN-mediated uIPSC magnitude is significantly increased relative to WT (**p<0.01 at 20 Hz, *p<0.05 at 40 and 80 Hz), and paired-pulse ratio (uIPSC2/uIPSC1) is significantly reduced across frequencies

empirical

Wengert → a null result pending
pv-ins-impaired-maximal-firing

PV-INs from Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice exhibit impaired maximal firing frequency in patch-clamp recordings compared to wild-type, consistent with Kv3.1 loss-of-function reducing the fast repolarization that enables high-frequency firing.

empirical

excitatory-neurons-unaffected-juvenile

No significant differences in synaptic transmission or intrinsic excitability are observed in excitatory neurons at juvenile stage (P16-21), indicating the Kcnc1-A421V variant selectively impairs inhibitory PV-INs rather than excitatory neu

control

Property separation

12 items · 4 reciprocal · 12 pending proposed: keep as dissociates-with, declared with no parent

One object, two attributes that did not move together: a gain on one dimension without the corresponding change on another.

Ejdrup ↔ a null result pending
d1r-tracks-da-50ms-delay

D1R occupancy closely tracks extracellular DA with approximately 50 ms delay during burst firing; D1R occupancy is negligible during pacemaker activity because the EC50 of 1000 nM far exceeds tonic [DA] of ~10 nM in DS, making burst events

empirical

d2r-integrates-over-seconds

D2R occupancy takes at least 5 s to return to baseline after a burst due to slow off-kinetics (k_off = 0.2 s⁻¹), making D2R incapable of temporally separating closely linked bursts; the directional conclusion is robust but absolute occupanc

empirical

Ejdrup ↔ pending
ds-lacks-pervasive-tonic-da

During 4 Hz pacemaker activity, the dorsal striatum produces partially segregated DA hotspots with large fractions of the simulated volume devoid of DA — there is no pervasive tonic baseline.

empirical

vs-maintains-pervasive-tonic-da

With DAT Vmax reduced to 33% of DS and terminal density at 90%, VS produces a diffuse tonic-like DA level throughout the simulated volume rather than segregated hotspots during 4 Hz pacemaker activity.

empirical

Kolb → pending
igabasnfr2-13fold-expression-increase

iGABASnFR2 shows a 13.1-fold increase in responsive pixels (expression-weighted response) compared to iGABASnFR1, indicating both improved sensitivity and membrane trafficking.

empirical

igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

Kolb → pending
igabasnfr2-2p-compatible

iGABASnFR2 has two-photon excitation spectra similar to its one-photon spectra and is compatible with two-photon imaging; both v2 sensors show reduced pH dependence compared to iGABASnFR1.

methodological

igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

Kolb → a null result pending
igabasnfr2-cpgfp-rigid-on-gaba-binding

GABA binding to iGABASnFR2 closes the Venus flytrap lobes of the Pf622 domain but produces negligible conformational change in cpGFP and its flanking linkers (RMSD 0.25 Å), contrasting with the large cpGFP interface rearrangement seen in GC

interpretation

igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

Kolb ↔ pending
igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

igabasnfr2n-negative-going-variant

A negative-going variant (iGABASnFR2n) achieves -2.2-fold ΔF/F with 10.3-fold increased responsive pixels, providing an alternative sensor with inverted fluorescence change direction for applications requiring negative-going signals.

empirical

Kolb → also +supports pending
igabasnfr2-kinetics-rise-decay

At 10 action potentials (83 Hz), iGABASnFR2 has a rise time constant of 43 ± 9 ms (faster than iGABASnFR1's 61 ± 13 ms) and a decay time constant of 73 ± 26 ms (slower than iGABASnFR1's 62 ± 29 ms), while iGABASnFR2n has a substantially slo

empirical

igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

Kolb → also +extends, +supports pending
igabasnfr2-oncell-affinity-sevenfold

iGABASnFR2 expressed on the surface of cultured neurons has an on-cell EC50 of 6.4 ± 0.21 μM for GABA, representing a sevenfold higher affinity than iGABASnFR1 (EC50 ~45 μM on-cell) while remaining above the tonic extracellular GABA concent

empirical

igabasnfr2-fourfold-sensitivity-gain

iGABASnFR2 exhibits a 4.1-fold improvement in ΔF/F sensitivity compared to iGABASnFR1 under equivalent stimulation conditions in cultured neurons, quantified by the high-throughput screening pipeline.

empirical

Kolb → pending
igabasnfr2-single-exponential-kinetics

iGABASnFR2 and iGABASnFR2n display single-exponential stopped-flow kinetics, whereas iGABASnFR1 exhibits biphasic kinetics; the observed reaction rate constants (Kobs) are far greater for both v2 sensors than for iGABASnFR1.

empirical

igabasnfr2-kinetics-rise-decay

At 10 action potentials (83 Hz), iGABASnFR2 has a rise time constant of 43 ± 9 ms (faster than iGABASnFR1's 61 ± 13 ms) and a decay time constant of 73 ± 26 ms (slower than iGABASnFR1's 62 ± 29 ms), while iGABASnFR2n has a substantially slo

empirical

Rozak → also +supports a null result pending
artery-dilates-venule-unchanged-at-low-power

At 1.1 mW/mm² 458 nm stimulation, a sample artery dilated 1.33±0.86 µm (p<1e-4) and a sample capillary dilated 0.42±0.39 µm (p<1e-4), while a sample venule showed no significant radius change (p=0.22), demonstrating vessel-type heterogeneit

empirical

vessel-radius-heterogeneity-stimulation

Vessel radius adjustments during optogenetic stimulation show 24 ± 28% variation relative to resting diameter, with dilations averaging 16.1 ± 14.3 µm and constrictions averaging 21.9 ± 14.6 µm relative to nearby neurons.

empirical

Rozak ↔ also +supports pending
constrictions-deeper-than-dilations

Constricting capillaries are located on average 37±179 µm deeper in cortex than dilating capillaries following 458 nm optogenetic stimulation at 4.3 mW/mm² (p<1e-4), with dilators tending toward the cortical surface across all stimulation c

empirical

dilations-nearer-neurons-than-constrictions

Following ChR2 optogenetic activation at 458 nm, capillary dilations occur on average 16.1±14.3 µm from the nearest labeled pyramidal neuron while constrictions occur 21.9±14.6 µm away (4.3 mW/mm²; p<1e-4), and this spatial segregation is a

empirical

Rozak → also +extends pending
unetr-outperforms-ilastik-hd95

UNETR ensemble segmentation shows significantly better HD95 surface distance than ilastik for both vessel and neuron channels (p<0.05 Wilcoxon signed-rank), while ilastik over-segments vessels with high recall (0.89±0.19) but low precision

control

novas3d-outperforms-ilastik

The NOVAS3D deep learning segmentation pipeline (UNet/UNETR) achieves significantly higher Dice scores and precision/recall for volumetric vessel segmentation than the baseline ilastik classifier on the deposited two-photon microscopy test

control

Parallel facts

18 items · 12 reciprocal · 18 pending proposed: remove the relation

Two findings about different objects, neither bearing on the other. The relation asserts a connection the claims do not have.

Artiushin ↔ pending
arcuate-body-four-sublayer-differential

The arcuate body of Uloborus diversus is organized into four distinguishable sublayers — posterior and anterior subdivisions of each of the ventral (ABv) and dorsal (ABd) lobes — and individual neurotransmitter populations (5-HT, TDC2, ChAT

empirical

protocerebral-bridge-layered-transmitter-architecture

The protocerebral bridge (PCB) of Uloborus diversus displays a layered neurotransmitter architecture: GABAergic (anti-GAD) immunoreactivity defines a nearly complete swath of the neuropil; TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) fills heavy chai

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
arcuate-body-four-sublayer-differential

The arcuate body of Uloborus diversus is organized into four distinguishable sublayers — posterior and anterior subdivisions of each of the ventral (ABv) and dorsal (ABd) lobes — and individual neurotransmitter populations (5-HT, TDC2, ChAT

empirical

tonsillar-neuropil-serotonin-core-tdc2-shell

Within the tonsillar neuropil of Uloborus diversus, serotonergic (5-HT) and octopaminergic/tyraminergic (TDC2) immunoreactivity show a compartmentalized spatial relationship: 5-HT fills an internal core pattern while TDC2 appears as a heavi

empirical

Artiushin → pending
arcuate-body-layers-neurotransmitter-distinguished

Co-staining with multiple neurotransmitter markers allows the arcuate body layers to be distinguished morphologically, where single-channel synapsin staining is insufficient to differentiate the layers.

empirical

protocerebral-bridge-layered-transmitter-architecture

The protocerebral bridge (PCB) of Uloborus diversus displays a layered neurotransmitter architecture: GABAergic (anti-GAD) immunoreactivity defines a nearly complete swath of the neuropil; TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) fills heavy chai

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
cheliceral-neuropil-serotonin-tdc2-dominant

The cheliceral neuropil of Uloborus diversus is most abundantly innervated by serotonergic (anti-5-HT, fine varicosities filling the neuropil) and octopaminergic/tyraminergic (anti-TDC2, large puncta throughout) immunoreactivity; both popul

empirical

leg-neuropils-consistent-innervation

The four pairs of leg neuropils (LN1-LN4) display consistent innervation patterns across legs for the neurotransmitters mapped, indicating stereotyped neurochemical organization of the locomotor system.

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
cheliceral-neuropil-serotonin-tdc2-dominant

The cheliceral neuropil of Uloborus diversus is most abundantly innervated by serotonergic (anti-5-HT, fine varicosities filling the neuropil) and octopaminergic/tyraminergic (anti-TDC2, large puncta throughout) immunoreactivity; both popul

empirical

pedipalpal-neuropil-chat-tdc2-dominant

The pedipalpal neuropil of Uloborus diversus shows ChAT (cholinergic) and TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) immunoreactivity as the strongest signals among antisera tested, with both appearing as punctate expression that does not extend to

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
hagstone-neuropil-serotonin-defined

The hagstone neuropil — a previously unnamed, centrally located, midline-adjacent paired structure in the U. diversus supraesophageal ganglion — is essentially completely filled with serotonergic immunoreactivity, which is the most diagnost

empirical

mushroom-bodies-present-asta-exclusive

Mushroom bodies are present in Uloborus diversus and retain the complete haft-body-head form with connecting bridge seen in cursorial spider species, contradicting reports of absent or simplified mushroom bodies in some web-building spider

empirical

Artiushin ↔ also +extends pending
hagstone-neuropil-serotonin-defined

The hagstone neuropil — a previously unnamed, centrally located, midline-adjacent paired structure in the U. diversus supraesophageal ganglion — is essentially completely filled with serotonergic immunoreactivity, which is the most diagnost

empirical

tonsillar-neuropil-novel-structure

A previously undocumented tonsillar neuropil is identified in the Uloborus diversus synganglion based on its immunostaining profile, representing a novel anatomical structure in spider neuroanatomy.

empirical

Artiushin → pending
leg-neuropil-serotonin-bilateral-innervation

Serotonergic (5-HT) innervation in the leg neuropils of Uloborus diversus fills the neuropil in two roughly equal halves, with immunoreactivity supplied from the medial branch of the dorsal-most tract and leaving a central void, a pattern d

empirical

cheliceral-neuropil-serotonin-tdc2-dominant

The cheliceral neuropil of Uloborus diversus is most abundantly innervated by serotonergic (anti-5-HT, fine varicosities filling the neuropil) and octopaminergic/tyraminergic (anti-TDC2, large puncta throughout) immunoreactivity; both popul

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
leg-neuropil-serotonin-bilateral-innervation

Serotonergic (5-HT) innervation in the leg neuropils of Uloborus diversus fills the neuropil in two roughly equal halves, with immunoreactivity supplied from the medial branch of the dorsal-most tract and leaving a central void, a pattern d

empirical

opisthosomal-neuropil-tdc2-perimeter-ladder

In the opisthosomal neuropil of Uloborus diversus, TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) immunoreactivity forms an intricate patterned architecture: triangular puncta formations at the anterior ventral end connect to a continuous perimeter tra

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
leg-neuropils-consistent-innervation

The four pairs of leg neuropils (LN1-LN4) display consistent innervation patterns across legs for the neurotransmitters mapped, indicating stereotyped neurochemical organization of the locomotor system.

empirical

pedipalpal-neuropil-chat-tdc2-dominant

The pedipalpal neuropil of Uloborus diversus shows ChAT (cholinergic) and TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) immunoreactivity as the strongest signals among antisera tested, with both appearing as punctate expression that does not extend to

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
mushroom-bodies-present-asta-exclusive

Mushroom bodies are present in Uloborus diversus and retain the complete haft-body-head form with connecting bridge seen in cursorial spider species, contradicting reports of absent or simplified mushroom bodies in some web-building spider

empirical

tonsillar-neuropil-novel-structure

A previously undocumented tonsillar neuropil is identified in the Uloborus diversus synganglion based on its immunostaining profile, representing a novel anatomical structure in spider neuroanatomy.

empirical

Artiushin → pending
opisthosomal-neuropil-tdc2-perimeter-ladder

In the opisthosomal neuropil of Uloborus diversus, TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) immunoreactivity forms an intricate patterned architecture: triangular puncta formations at the anterior ventral end connect to a continuous perimeter tra

empirical

pedipalpal-neuropil-chat-tdc2-dominant

The pedipalpal neuropil of Uloborus diversus shows ChAT (cholinergic) and TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) immunoreactivity as the strongest signals among antisera tested, with both appearing as punctate expression that does not extend to

empirical

Artiushin ↔ pending
protocerebral-bridge-layered-transmitter-architecture

The protocerebral bridge (PCB) of Uloborus diversus displays a layered neurotransmitter architecture: GABAergic (anti-GAD) immunoreactivity defines a nearly complete swath of the neuropil; TDC2 (octopaminergic/tyraminergic) fills heavy chai

empirical

tonsillar-neuropil-serotonin-core-tdc2-shell

Within the tonsillar neuropil of Uloborus diversus, serotonergic (5-HT) and octopaminergic/tyraminergic (TDC2) immunoreactivity show a compartmentalized spatial relationship: 5-HT fills an internal core pattern while TDC2 appears as a heavi

empirical

Headley ↔ a null result pending
beta-gates-distal-apical-inputs

Beta-frequency rhythmic inhibition at distal dendritic locations gates the transmission of clustered synaptic inputs from apical dendrites to somatic output: inputs arriving during inhibitory troughs are transmitted, while inputs arriving d

empirical

gamma-gates-proximal-basal-inputs

Gamma-frequency rhythmic inhibition at perisomatic locations gates the transmission of clustered synaptic inputs from proximal and basal dendrites to somatic output in a phase-dependent manner, while leaving distal apical inputs relatively

empirical

Kolb → a null result pending
igabasnfr2-invivo-barrel-cortex

iGABASnFR2 detects volume-transmitted extracellular GABA signals in vivo in mouse barrel cortex (layers L2–L3, ~300 μm depth) evoked by rhythmic whisker stimulation, corresponding to a transient GABA concentration increase of approximately

empirical

igabasnfr2-retina-direction-selectivity

iGABASnFR2 directly demonstrates direction-selective GABA release from starburst amacrine cells in the intact retina, with significantly higher SNR and response reliability than iGABASnFR1; iGABASnFR1 signals were insufficient to detect dir

empirical

Kolb → pending
igabasnfr2-invivo-barrel-cortex

iGABASnFR2 detects volume-transmitted extracellular GABA signals in vivo in mouse barrel cortex (layers L2–L3, ~300 μm depth) evoked by rhythmic whisker stimulation, corresponding to a transient GABA concentration increase of approximately

empirical

igabasnfr2-single-bouton-hippocampus

iGABASnFR2 detects GABA release from individual hippocampal interneuron axonal boutons using Tornado scanning two-photon microscopy; iGABASnFR1 failed to produce any detectable spike-evoked fluorescence signal across 15 trials in five separ

empirical

Kolb ↔ a null result pending
igabasnfr2-retina-direction-selectivity

iGABASnFR2 directly demonstrates direction-selective GABA release from starburst amacrine cells in the intact retina, with significantly higher SNR and response reliability than iGABASnFR1; iGABASnFR1 signals were insufficient to detect dir

empirical

igabasnfr2-single-bouton-hippocampus

iGABASnFR2 detects GABA release from individual hippocampal interneuron axonal boutons using Tornado scanning two-photon microscopy; iGABASnFR1 failed to produce any detectable spike-evoked fluorescence signal across 15 trials in five separ

empirical

Wengert → a null result pending
a421v-weight-reduced-milestones-normal

Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice show significantly reduced body and brain weight relative to WT littermates, but display no detectable abnormalities in gross developmental milestones (fur appearance, eye opening, ear canal opening, incisor eruption, mot

empirical

a421v-spatial-learning-working-memory-impaired

Young adult Kcnc1-A421V/+ mice (P35–65) exhibit significantly longer escape latencies during Barnes maze acquisition (most pronounced on day 2) and a significantly reduced percentage of spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze, indicating imp

empirical

No proposed reading 1 items

Gadeke

participant-happiness-lower-when-participant

Participant happiness was lower when the participant was the decision-maker (Social + Solo vs. Partner), independent of outcome (Study 1: t(3600) = –3.92, p < 0.0001, β = –0.14; Study 2: t(2870) = –6.07, p < 0.0001, β = –0.24).

when-partner-received-low-lottery

When the partner received the low lottery outcome, participant happiness was lower when the participant rather than the partner had chosen the lottery — a significant partner-outcome × decision-maker interaction (Study 1: t(1180) = 3.52, p

Recording a decision

Every reading above is an agent’s, unverified — the same standard as every claim in this corpus. They are grouped so they can be disputed a group at a time where the items are alike, and one at a time where they are not.

A decision is recorded in review/dissociates-with.json, the same file the queue above is rendered from.

# set "decision" on an item: tension | selective | property | parallel
python3 scripts/apply_review.py dissociates-with --paper gadeke-2026-guilt-insula
python3 scripts/apply_review.py dissociates-with --paper gadeke-2026-guilt-insula --write

The applier refuses while any item is pending: a half-reviewed queue would leave the corpus in a state nobody chose. It removes both declared directions of a reciprocal pair, skips items already applied, and writes into each claim the review that changed it. scripts/review_queue.py refreshes from the corpus without discarding a decision already made.

Inputs and outputs

Reads, besides its dependencies
Views
  • table — declared, and this layer produces nothing yet
  • comparison — on the cell page, two versions aligned by the matcher, wherever the ledger holds more than one